EN 1563 Standard Guide

Founding – Spheroidal graphite cast irons

GROUP 1: Ferritic to Pearlitic (13 grades)

EN-GJS-350-22-LT, -RT, and standard	5.3100, 5.3101, 5.3102
EN-GJS-400-18-LT, -RT, and standard	5.3103, 5.3104, 5.3105
EN-GJS-400-15	5.3106
EN-GJS-450-10	5.3107
EN-GJS-500-7	5.3200
EN-GJS-600-3	5.3201
EN-GJS-700-2	5.3300
EN-GJS-800-2	5.3301
EN-GJS-900-2	5.3302

GROUP 2: Solid Solution Strengthened Ferritic (3 grades)

EN-GJS-450-18	5.3108
EN-GJS-500-14	5.3109
EN-GJS-600-10	5.3110

Key Characteristics

Wall Thickness Ranges:	t ≤ 30mm, 30 < t ≤ 60mm, 60 < t ≤ 200mm
Reference Sample Size:	25mm diameter
Graphite Morphology:	Form V and VI (spheroidal/nodular)
Nodularity Required:	Typically ≥80% for minimum properties
Chemical Composition:	Not specified – manufacturer discretion

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FROM CAST SAMPLES

GROUP 1: FERRITIC TO PEARLITIC SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRONS

Grade Symbol	Number	Wall Thickness	Rp0.2 min	Rm min	A min
Grade Symbol	Number	t (mm)	(MPa)	(MPa)	(%)
EN-GJS-350-22-LT	5.3100	t≤30	220	350	22
		30<t≤60	210	330	18
		60<t≤200	200	320	15
EN-GJS-350-22-RT	5.3101	t≤30	220	350	22
		30<t≤60	220	330	18
		60<t≤200	210	320	15
EN-GJS-350-22	5.3102	t≤30	220	350	22
		30<t≤60	220	330	18
		60<t≤200	210	320	15
EN-GJS-400-18-LT	5.3103	t≤30	240	400	18
		30<t≤60	230	380	15
		60<t≤200	220	360	12
EN-GJS-400-18-RT	5.3104	t≤30	250	400	18
		30<t≤60	250	390	15
		60<t≤200	240	370	12
EN-GJS-400-18	5.3105	t≤30	250	400	18
		30<t≤60	250	390	15
		60<t≤200	240	370	12
EN-GJS-400-15	5.3106	t≤30	250	400	15
		30<t≤60	250	390	14
		60<t≤200	240	370	11
EN-GJS-450-10	5.3107	t≤30	310	450	10
		30<t≤60	TBA	TBA	TBA
		60<t≤200	TBA	TBA	TBA
EN-GJS-500-7	5.3200	t≤30	320	500	7
		30<t≤60	300	450	7
		60<t≤200	290	420	5
EN-GJS-600-3	5.3201	t≤30	370	600	3
		30<t≤60	360	600	2
		60<t≤200	340	550	1
EN-GJS-700-2	5.3300	t≤30	420	700	2
		30<t≤60	400	700	2
		60<t≤200	380	650	1
EN-GJS-800-2	5.3301	t≤30	480	800	2
		30<t≤60	TBA	TBA	TBA
		60<t≤200	TBA	TBA	TBA
EN-GJS-900-2	5.3302	t≤30	600	900	2
		30<t≤60	TBA	TBA	TBA
		60<t≤200	TBA	TBA	TBA

GROUP 2: SOLID SOLUTION STRENGTHENED FERRITIC SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRONS

Grade Symbol	Number	Wall Thickness	Rp0.2 min	Rm min	A min
Grade Symbol	Number	t (mm)	(MPa)	(MPa)	(%)
EN-GJS-450-18	5.3108	t≤30	350	450	18
		30≤t≤60	340	430	14
		t>60	TBA	TBA	TBA
EN-GJS-500-14	5.3109	t≤30	400	500	14
		30≤t≤60	390	480	12
		t>60	TBA	TBA	TBA
EN-GJS-600-10	5.3110	t≤30	470	600	10
		30≤t≤60	450	580	8
		t>60	TBA	TBA	TBA

MINIMUM IMPACT ENERGY VALUES

V-Notched Test Pieces (Ferritic Grades Only)

Grade	Number	Wall t	RT Mean	RT Indiv	LT(-20) Mean	LT(-20) Indiv	LT(-40) Mean	LT(-40) Indiv
EN-GJS-350-22-LT	5.3100	t≤30	—	—	—	—	12	9
		30<t≤60	—	—	—	—	12	9
		60<t≤200	—	—	—	—	10	7
EN-GJS-350-22-RT	5.3101	t≤30	17	14	—	—	—	—
		30<t≤60	17	14	—	—	—	—
		60<t≤200	15	12	—	—	—	—
EN-GJS-400-18-LT	5.3103	t≤30	—	—	12	9	—	—
		30<t≤60	—	—	12	9	—	—
		60<t≤200	—	—	10	7	—	—
EN-GJS-400-18-RT	5.3104	t≤30	14	11	—	—	—	—
		30<t≤60	14	11	—	—	—	—
		60<t≤200	12	9	—	—	—	—

PROPERTIES FROM CASTING

Guidance Values When Test Pieces Cut from Castings

GROUP 1: FERRITIC TO PEARLITIC

Grade Symbol	Number	Wall t	Rp0.2 min	Rm min	A min
EN-GJS-350-22C-LT	5.3100	t≤30	220	340	20
		30<t≤60	210	320	15
		60<t≤200	200	310	12
EN-GJS-350-22C-RT	5.3101	t≤30	220	340	20
		30<t≤60	210	320	15
		60<t≤200	200	310	12
EN-GJS-350-22C	5.3102	t≤30	220	340	20
		30<t≤60	210	320	15
		60<t≤200	200	310	12
EN-GJS-400-18C-LT	5.3103	t≤30	240	390	15
		30<t≤60	230	370	12
		60<t≤200	220	340	10
EN-GJS-400-18C-RT	5.3104	t≤30	250	390	15
		30<t≤60	240	370	12
		60<t≤200	230	350	10
EN-GJS-400-18C	5.3105	t≤30	250	390	15
		30<t≤60	240	370	12
		60<t≤200	230	350	10
EN-GJS-400-15C	5.3106	t≤30	250	390	12
		30<t≤60	240	370	11
		60<t≤200	230	350	8
EN-GJS-450-10C	5.3107	t≤30	300	440	8
EN-GJS-500-7C	5.3200	t≤30	300	480	6
		30<t≤60	280	450	5
		60<t≤200	260	400	3
EN-GJS-600-3C	5.3201	t≤30	360	580	3
		30<t≤60	340	550	2
		60<t≤200	320	500	1
EN-GJS-700-2C	5.3300	t≤30	410	680	2
		30<t≤60	390	650	1
		60<t≤200	370	600	1
EN-GJS-800-2C	5.3301	t≤30	460	780	2

GROUP 2: SOLID SOLUTION STRENGTHENED

Grade Symbol	Number	Wall t	Rp0.2 min	Rm min	A min
EN-GJS-450-18C	5.3108	t≤30	350	440	16
EN-GJS-450-18C	5.3108	30<t≤60	340	420	12
EN-GJS-500-14C	5.3109	t≤30	400	480	12
EN-GJS-500-14C	5.3109	30<t≤60	390	460	10
EN-GJS-600-10C	5.3110	t≤30	450	580	8
EN-GJS-600-10C	5.3110	30<t≤60	430	560	6

HARDNESS GUIDANCE VALUES

Brinell Hardness Ranges

Grade	Number	HBW Range (t≤60mm)	HBW Range (60<t≤200mm)
EN-GJS-350-22	5.3102	<160	<160
EN-GJS-400-18	5.3105	130-175	130-175
EN-GJS-400-15	5.3106	135-180	135-180
EN-GJS-450-18	5.3108	170-200	160-190
EN-GJS-450-10	5.3107	160-210	160-210
EN-GJS-500-14	5.3109	185-215	170-200
EN-GJS-500-7	5.3200	170-230	150-230
EN-GJS-600-10	5.3110	200-230	190-220
EN-GJS-600-3	5.3201	190-270	180-270
EN-GJS-700-2	5.3300	225-305	210-305
EN-GJS-800-2	5.3301	245-335	240-335
EN-GJS-900-2	5.3302	270-360	270-360

TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Property	Unit	GJS-350-22	GJS-400-18	GJS-500-7	GJS-600-3	GJS-700-2	GJS-450-18	GJS-500-14	GJS-600-10
Modulus of elasticity E	GN/m²	169	169	169	174	176	170	170	170
Poisson’s ratio	—	0.275	0.275	0.275	0.275	0.275	0.28-0.29	0.28-0.29	0.28-0.29
Density	kg/dm³	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.2	7.2	7.1	7	7
Thermal conductivity @300°C	W/(K·m)	36.2	36.2	35.2	32.5	31.1	—	—	—
Linear expansion 20-400°C	μm/(m·K)	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	—	—	—
Specific heat 20-500°C	J/(kg·K)	515	515	515	515	515	—	—	—
Matrix microstructure	—	Ferrite	Ferrite	Ferr-Pearl	Pearl-Ferr	Pearlite	Ferrite	Ferrite	Ferrite

FATIGUE PROPERTIES

Guidance Values for Specimens (Ø≤25mm) Cut from Castings (t≤30mm)

Property	Unit	GJS-350-22	GJS-400-18	GJS-500-7	GJS-600-3	GJS-700-2	GJS-450-18	GJS-500-14	GJS-600-10
Tensile strength Rm	MPa	350	400	500	600	700	450	500	600
Alt. tension-compression σW (R=-1)	MPa	150	168	200	228	252	185	200	228
Strength ratio σW/Rm	—	0.43	0.42	0.4	0.38	0.36	0.41	0.4	0.38
Pulsating tension σmax (R=0)	MPa	210	235	280	319	353	259	280	319
Ratio σ(R=0)/σ(R=-1)	—	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Alternating torsion τW (R=-1)	MPa	138	152	180	204	224	166	180	204
Ratio τW/Rm	—	0.39	0.38	0.36	0.34	0.32	0.37	0.36	0.34
Rotating bending σbW (R=-1)	MPa	168	188	225	258	287	207	225	258
Ratio σbW/Rm	—	0.48	0.47	0.45	0.43	0.41	0.46	0.45	0.43

SAMPLE TYPES AND SIZES

Relevant Wall Thickness	Sample Type	Preferred Test Piece Diameter
t ≤ 12.5mm	Option 2: Y-shaped Type I OR Option 3: Round bar Types a,b,c	7mm (Option 3: 14mm)
12.5 < t ≤ 30mm	Option 2: Y-shaped Type II OR Option 3: Round bar Types a,b,c OR Cast-on Type B	14mm
30 < t ≤ 60mm	Option 1: U-shaped Type III OR Cast-on Type C	14mm
60 < t ≤ 200mm	Option 2: Y-shaped Type IV OR Cast-on Type D	14mm

SAMPLE TYPES OVERVIEW

Separately Cast Samples:	Cast in separate sand molds under representative conditions
Side-by-Side Cast:	Cast alongside casting with joint running system
Cast-On Samples:	Attached directly to the casting
Samples Cut from Casting:	Cut from actual casting at agreed locations
Test Piece Preparation:	Machined from hatched part of samples (see Figures in standard)
Preferred Diameter:	14mm for most applications
Other Diameters:	5, 7, 10, 20mm permitted by agreement
Gauge Length:	Lo = 5 × diameter

IMPORTANT:

Sample shall receive same heat treatment as casting

SELECTION AND APPLICATION GUIDE

Lower Strength, High Ductility Applications	Grades
Ferritic matrix, excellent impact properties	EN-GJS-350-22 series, EN-GJS-400-18 series
Best elongation and toughness	Use -LT suffix for low temperature (-40°C)
Typical uses: shock/impact loading, cryogenic	Use -RT suffix for room temperature testing

Medium Strength Applications	Grades
Ferritic-pearlitic matrix	EN-GJS-400-15, EN-GJS-450-10, EN-GJS-500-7
Good balance of strength and ductility	Also: EN-GJS-450-18, EN-GJS-500-14 (SS)
Typical uses: automotive, machinery, general engineering

High Strength, Lower Ductility Applications	Grades
Pearlitic or heat-treated matrix	EN-GJS-600-3, EN-GJS-700-2
Wear resistance, high strength	EN-GJS-800-2, EN-GJS-900-2
Typical uses: gears, wear parts, high-load components

SOLID SOLUTION STRENGTHENED GRADES (Group 2)

EN-GJS-450-18, EN-GJS-500-14, EN-GJS-600-10

Special Features:

– Higher proof strength for given tensile strength

– Better elongation than equivalent pearlitic grades

– Reduced hardness variation = improved machinability

– Predominantly ferritic matrix with silicon strengthening

Typical uses: high-cycle fatigue, consistent machining

WALL THICKNESS CONSIDERATIONS

Thinner sections (t ≤ 30mm):	Highest mechanical properties achievable
Medium sections (30 < t ≤ 60mm):	Slightly reduced properties
Thick sections (60 < t ≤ 200mm):	Further reduced properties
Very thick (t > 200mm):	Properties to be agreed with manufacturer

KEY DESIGN FACTORS

1. Strength Requirements:	Select grade by tensile strength (350-900 MPa)
2. Ductility Needs:	Consider elongation (22% down to 2%)
3. Impact Requirements:	Ferritic grades only have specified impact values
4. Wall Thickness:	Properties decrease with increasing thickness
5. Temperature:	Use -LT grades for low temperature service
6. Machinability:	SS grades offer better machinability consistency
7. Hardness:	Can be specified if critical (see Hardness sheet)
8. Cost:	Ferritic grades generally most economical

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS BY GRADE

EN-GJS-350-22:	Pipelines, pressure vessels, low-temp applications
EN-GJS-400 series:	Automotive components, general machinery
EN-GJS-450/500:	Crankshafts, connecting rods, gears (medium duty)
EN-GJS-600-10:	Heavy machinery, wear-resistant components
EN-GJS-600-3, 700-2:	High-strength gears, heavy-duty machinery
EN-GJS-800/900:	Extreme high-strength applications, special uses

GRAPHITE MORPHOLOGY

Nodularity:	Typically ≥80% form V and VI required
Form V:	Regular spheroidal graphite (ideal)
Form VI:	Irregular spheroidal graphite (acceptable)
Lower nodularity acceptable if:	Minimum tensile properties still achieved

MATRIX MICROSTRUCTURE GUIDE

Ferrite:	Soft, ductile, best impact properties (EN-GJS-350/400)
Ferrite-Pearlite:	Intermediate strength and ductility (EN-GJS-400-15 to 500-7)
Pearlite:	High strength, lower ductility (EN-GJS-600-3, 700-2)
Tempered Martensite:	Very high strength (EN-GJS-800-2, 900-2)
Silicon-Strengthened Ferrite:	High proof strength, good elongation (Group 2)

HOW TO ORDER

MANDATORY INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY PURCHASER
1. Standard Reference:	EN 1563:2018
2. Material Designation:	Symbol (e.g., EN-GJS-400-18) or Number (e.g., 5.3105)
3. Relevant Wall Thickness:	Specify in mm (affects properties)
4. Special Requirements:	Any additional requirements

OPTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS (by agreement)
– Impact Testing:	If required, specify temperature (-20°C or -40°C)
– Hardness Requirements:	Specify Brinell hardness range if critical
– Heat Treatment:	If specific treatment required
– Graphite Morphology:	If more precise than standard requirement
– Chemical Composition:	If specific elements need control
– Inspection Documentation:	Type per EN 10204:2004 (2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2)
– Sample Type:	Separately cast, side-by-side, cast-on, or from casting
– Testing Frequency:	If different from manufacturer standard

ORDERING EXAMPLE 1: Basic Order
Standard:	EN 1563:2018
Grade:	EN-GJS-400-18
Wall Thickness:	40mm
Quantity:	50 castings
Special Requirements:	None

ORDERING EXAMPLE 2: Low Temperature Application
Standard:	EN 1563:2018
Grade:	EN-GJS-350-22-LT
Wall Thickness:	25mm
Impact Testing:	Required at -40°C per Table 2
Inspection:	Type 3.1 certificate per EN 10204

ORDERING EXAMPLE 3: High Strength with Hardness
Standard:	EN 1563:2018
Grade:	EN-GJS-600-3
Wall Thickness:	50mm
Hardness:	190-270 HBW required
Sample Type:	Cast-on samples required

ORDERING EXAMPLE 4: Solid Solution Strengthened
Standard:	EN 1563:2018
Grade:	EN-GJS-500-14 (5.3109)
Wall Thickness:	35mm
Special:	Silicon-strengthened ferritic grade for improved machinability

INSPECTION DOCUMENTATION OPTIONS (EN 10204)
Type 2.1:	Declaration of compliance with order (manufacturer)
Type 2.2:	Test report (manufacturer)
Type 3.1:	Inspection certificate (manufacturer + independent inspector)
Type 3.2:	Inspection certificate (manufacturer + authorized inspector)

AGREEMENTS REQUIRED BETWEEN MANUFACTURER AND PURCHASER
The following must be agreed by time of order acceptance:
1. Properties for wall thickness > 200mm	(Properties to be agreed)
2. Properties for grades EN-GJS-450-10, -800-2, -900-2	(For t > 30mm ranges)
3. Solid solution grades for wall thickness > 60mm	(Group 2 grades)
4. Test piece dimensions if not standard 14mm diameter
5. Impact testing requirements and temperature	(If applicable)
6. Hardness requirements and testing locations	(If specified)
7. Sample type and frequency	(If not per manufacturer standard)
8. Heat treatment requirements	(If specific treatment needed)
9. Chemical composition limits	(If purchaser requires specific control)
10. Location for samples cut from casting	(If testing from casting required)

IMPORTANT NOTES
Chemical Composition:	NOT specified in standard – manufacturer discretion
	Manufacturer ensures grade requirements are met
Heat Treatment:	Method left to manufacturer discretion
	Treatment must achieve specified properties
Retests:	Permitted if test invalid or non-conforming
	See Clause 10 for retest procedures
Test Piece Size:	Preferred diameter 14mm
	Other sizes permitted by agreement
Properties vary with:	Wall thickness (see tables)
	Cooling rate affects microstructure and properties