EN 10025-2 Standard Guide

Hot Rolled Products of Structural Steels Part 2: Technical Delivery Conditions for Non-Alloy Structural Steels

1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION

1.1 Product Forms Covered

Flat Products:

Plates, sheet, wide strip, wide flats

Long Products:

Beams (I, H), channels (U), angles (L), T-sections, Z-sections
Bars (round, square, hexagonal, flat), bulb flats, rod

NOT Applicable To:

Structural hollow sections and tubes (see EN 10210-1, EN 10219-1)
Coated products

1.2 Thickness Ranges

Product Type	Thickness Range
Long products S460 and S500	≥ 3 mm and ≤ 150 mm
Flat products JR, J0, J2, K2	≤ 400 mm
All other grades and qualities	≤ 250 mm

1.3 Intended Use

Applications:

Welded, bolted, and riveted structures
Buildings, bridges, construction projects
General structural engineering

Heat Treatment Restrictions:

NOT intended for heat treatment except products delivered in +N condition
Stress relieving is acceptable
Products in +N condition can be hot formed and/or normalized after delivery

2. CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATION

2.1 Main Quality Classes

All steels in Part 2 are classified as NON-ALLOY QUALITY STEELS according to EN 10020.

2.2 Steel Grades

Steel Grade	Steel Number	Description
S185	1.0035	Lowest strength, no impact requirements
S235JR	1.0038	General-purpose structural steel
S235J0	1.0114	General-purpose structural steel
S235J2	1.0117	General-purpose structural steel
S275JR	1.0044	Medium strength structural steel
S275J0	1.0143	Medium strength structural steel
S275J2	1.0145	Medium strength structural steel
S355JR	1.0045	Higher strength, widely used
S355J0	1.0553	Higher strength, widely used
S355J2	1.0577	Higher strength, widely used
S355K2	1.0596	Higher strength, enhanced toughness
S460JR	1.0507	High strength – LONG PRODUCTS ONLY
S460J0	1.0538	High strength – LONG PRODUCTS ONLY
S460J2	1.0552	High strength – LONG PRODUCTS ONLY
S460K2	1.0581	High strength – LONG PRODUCTS ONLY
S500J0	1.0502	Highest strength – LONG PRODUCTS ONLY
S235JRC	1.0122	Cold forming grade
S235J0C	1.0131	Cold forming grade
S235J2C	1.0132	Cold forming grade
S275JRC	1.0129	Cold forming grade
S275J0C	1.0149	Cold forming grade
S275J2C	1.0138	Cold forming grade
S355JRC	1.0532	Cold forming grade
S355J0C	1.0554	Cold forming grade
S355J2C	1.0579	Cold forming grade
S355K2C	1.0549	Cold forming grade, enhanced toughness
E295	1.0050	Engineering steel, no impact requirements
E335	1.0060	Engineering steel, no impact requirements
E360	1.0070	Engineering steel, no impact requirements
E295GC	1.0533	Cold drawing grade
E335GC	1.0543	Cold drawing grade
E360GC	1.0633	Cold drawing grade

2.3 Quality Designations (Impact Energy Requirements)

Quality	Test Temp	Min Impact Energy	Applications
JR	+20°C	27 J (if tested)	Indoor, ambient temp
J0	0°C	27 J	General outdoor use
J2	-20°C	27 J	Cold climates
K2	-20°C	40 J (for S355 only)	Enhanced toughness

2.4 Designation System

Complete designation format:

EN 10025-2 – [Steel Name or Number] + [Delivery Condition if specified]

Example 1:

EN 10025-2 – S355J0C+N

S = Structural steel
355 = Minimum yield strength 355 MPa (for thickness ≤ 16 mm)
J0 = Impact energy 27 J at 0°C
C = Suitable for cold flanging
+N = Normalized or normalized rolled condition

EN 10025-2 – 1.0554+N (steel number designation for S355J0C+N)

3. MANUFACTURING PROCESS

3.1 Steel Making Process

At manufacturer’s discretion, EXCEPT open hearth (Siemens-Martin) process is prohibited.

Option 1 allows requesting details of the manufacturing process used.

3.2 Deoxidation Methods

Method	Description
Optional	At manufacturer’s discretion (for S185)
FN	Rimming steel not permitted (for S235-S355 JR, J0, J2)
FF	Fully killed steel containing nitrogen binding elements (min. 0.020% total Al or equivalent). Required for J2, K2, S460, S500.

3.3 Delivery Conditions

Symbol	Description
+AR	As-rolled: Conventional hot rolling without normalized rolling, thermomechanical rolling, or heat treatment
+N	Normalized or normalized rolled: Final deformation in specific temperature range leading to material condition equivalent to normalizing. Properties retained even after subsequent normalizing or hot forming. Products can be hot formed and/or normalized after delivery.
+M	Thermomechanical rolled: Final deformation in specific temperature range producing properties that cannot be achieved or repeated by heat treatment alone. May include accelerated cooling with or without tempering, but excludes direct quenching. NOT suitable for hot forming after delivery.

Default Delivery Condition (unless otherwise agreed):

Long products and hot rolled strip: +AR, +N, or +M at manufacturer’s discretion
Quarto plates: +AR or +N at manufacturer’s discretion

Option 19: Specify required delivery condition (+AR, +N, or +M for long products/strip, +AR or +N for quarto plates)

4. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

4.1 Heat Analysis (Mandatory)

Determined once per cast. Must comply with specified values in Tables 1-2 of the standard.

For elements not defined in the tables, maximum values from EN 10020:2000 Table 1 apply.

4.2 Product Analysis (Optional)

Upper limits from Tables 3-4 of the standard apply when product analysis is specified.

Option 2: Specify product analysis with number of samples and elements to be analyzed.

4.3 Carbon Equivalent Value (CEV)

IIW Formula:

CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15

All elements in % by mass. CEV must be reported in inspection document. Maximum values specified in Table 5 vary by grade and thickness.

CEV Increases:

Option 20 (Cu alloyed 0.25-0.40%): +0.02 increase
Option 5 (Hot-dip zinc coating with Si control): +0.01 or +0.02 depending on Si level

4.4 Key Chemical Composition Limits

Grade	C max %	Mn max %	P/S max %	Notes
S235	0.17-0.20	1.40	0.025-0.035	Varies by quality
S275	0.18-0.22	1.50	0.025-0.035	Varies by quality
S355	0.20-0.24	1.60	0.025-0.035	Varies by quality
S460	0.20-0.22	1.70	0.030	Long products only
S500	0.20-0.22	1.70	0.030	Long products only

Notes:

For long products, P and S content can be 0.005% higher
Option 27: For long products, max S can be increased by 0.015% for improved machinability if steel is Ca-treated (min. 0.0020% Ca)
Option 26: For sections >100mm thickness, maximum C content can be agreed upon
S460/S500 may contain max 0.05% Nb, 0.13% V, and 0.05% Ti

5. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

5.1 General Requirements

Mechanical properties must comply with Tables 6-8 in the delivery condition specified in Section 4.3.

CRITICAL – Heat Treatment Warnings:

Stress relief >580°C or >1 hour may deteriorate mechanical properties
For normalized/normalized rolled products with ReH ≥460 MPa: Max stress relief 560°C
Products in +N condition less sensitive, but guidance recommended for high-temp processing
If stress relief at higher temps/longer times intended, agree minimum values at order time

Products in +N Condition:

Mechanical properties compliant in normalized/normalized rolled condition OR after normalizing/hot forming after delivery (if provisions of CEN/TR 10347 satisfied)

5.2 Yield Strength and Tensile Strength

Grade	t≤16mm	16<t≤40	40<t≤63	63<t≤80	Rm MPa	A min %
S235	235	225	215	215	360-510	26
S275	275	265	255	245	430-580	23
S355	355	345	335	325	510-680	22
S460	460	440	420	400	550-720	17
S500	500	480	460	450	580-760	15

Notes:

ReH = Upper yield strength (or Rp0.2 if yield phenomenon not present)
Rm = Tensile strength
A = Minimum percentage elongation after fracture
Values shown for gauge length Lo = 5.65√So (proportional test pieces)
For flat products width ≥600mm: transverse direction applies
For all other products: longitudinal direction applies

5.3 Impact Properties

Impact properties verified by Charpy V-notch test at specified temperature unless otherwise agreed.

Option 3: For quality JR products, impact properties verified only when specified at order time.

Grade + Quality	Test Temp °C	Min Energy J	Thickness Range
All grades JR	+20	27	≤ 150 mm
All grades J0	0	27	≤ 150 mm
S235, S275, S355 J2	-20	27	≤ 150 mm
S355K2	-20	40	≤ 150 mm
S460 J2, K2	-20	27/40	Long products only
S500 J0	0	27	Long products only

Impact Test Requirements:

NOT required for nominal thickness < 6 mm
For test pieces < 10mm wide: reduce minimum values proportionally to cross-sectional area
Average of 3 tests must meet requirement
One individual value may be below minimum average, but not less than 70% of that value
Option 28: For sections >100mm thickness, minimum impact values by agreement

Testing Options:

Option 13: For flat products J2 and K2, verify impact properties on each parent plate or coil
Option 14: For flat products J2 and K2, verify both impact AND tensile properties on each parent plate or coil

5.4 Through-Thickness Properties (Z-direction)

Optional – per EN 10164 if agreed at order time. Improved deformation properties perpendicular to surface, important for thick plates in highly restrained welded joints.

Option 4: Specify through-thickness properties per EN 10164 (Z15, Z25, or Z35)

6. TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

6.1 Weldability

All grades of qualities JR, J0, J2, and K2 suitable for standard welding processes per EN 1011-2.

Cold Cracking Risk Factors:

Amount of diffusible hydrogen in weld metal
Brittle structure of heat affected zone
Significant tensile stress concentrations in welded joint

Risk increases with: Increasing product thickness, Increasing strength level

Note: No weldability information provided for S185, E295, E335, E360 as chemical composition not specified.

6.2 Formability

6.2.1 Hot Forming

ONLY products in +N condition suitable for hot forming after delivery.

Products in +M (thermomechanical rolled) and +AR (as-rolled) conditions NOT suitable for hot forming.

Hot formed products in +N condition will comply with mechanical property tables if provisions of CEN/TR 10347 satisfied.

6.2.2 Cold Formability

Grades suitable for cold forming designated by adding ‘C’ symbol to steel name.

Available Cold Forming Grades:

S235JRC, S235J0C, S235J2C
S275JRC, S275J0C, S275J2C
S355JRC, S355J0C, S355J2C, S355K2C
E295GC, E335GC, E360GC (for cold drawing)

Cold Flanging (Nominal thickness ≤ 30 mm):

Plate, sheet, strip, wide flats, and flats (<150mm width) suitable for flanging without cracking.

Option 11: Specify flangeability requirement with minimum recommended bend radii per Table 11

Roll Forming (Nominal thickness ≤ 8 mm):

Plate, sheet, and strip suitable for cold roll forming (e.g., per EN 10162).

Option 12: Specify roll forming requirement with bend radii per Table 12

Cold Drawing of Bars:

Option 22: Specify that bars shall be suitable for cold drawing

6.3 Hot-Dip Zinc-Coating

EN ISO 14713-2 provides guidance on factors affecting coating formation, including steel chemical composition.

Option 5: Chemical composition required for hot-dip zinc coating

When Option 5 specified, agree to one of:

Category A: Si ≤ 0.03% and Si + 2.5P ≤ 0.09%
Category B: 0.14% ≤ Si ≤ 0.25%
Category D: 0.25% < Si ≤ 0.35%

CEV Adjustment:

For Si ≤ 0.04%: Increase CEV by 0.02
For Si ≤ 0.25%: Increase CEV by 0.01

Special Note: Steels above S460 may be sensitive to cracking during galvanizing – special care required.

6.4 Machinability

All steel grades and qualities machinalbe with common operations.

Due to good ductility of qualities JR, J0, J2, K2, problems can occur in chip formation and surface finish. Higher S content improves machinability.

Option 27: For long products, increase max S by 0.015% for better machinability if steel is Ca-treated (min 0.0020% Ca)

7. TESTING AND INSPECTION

7.1 Types of Inspection

Inspection Type	Description
Specific Inspection	Testing per frequency and methods in Clauses 9-10. Includes heat analysis, tensile test, and impact test (for J0, J2, K2 qualities).
Non-Specific Inspection	No mandatory mechanical testing. Only declaration/statement of compliance (for S185 – Option 23).

7.2 Inspection Documents (EN 10204)

Document Type	Description
Type 2.2	Manufacturer’s test report
Type 3.1	Inspection certificate validated by manufacturer’s inspector
Type 3.2	Inspection certificate validated by manufacturer AND independent body

Required Document Types (for CE-marked products):

ReH ≤ 355 MPa, impact at 0°C or 20°C: Type 2.2
ReH ≤ 355 MPa, impact at <0°C: Type 3.1 or 3.2
ReH > 355 MPa: Type 3.1 or 3.2

7.3 Frequency of Testing

7.3.1 Chemical Analysis

Heat Analysis: Once per cast

Product Analysis: Frequency specified by purchaser if required (Option 2)

7.3.2 Mechanical Tests

Verification of mechanical properties by test units from within each cast.

Test Unit Size:

Standard: 60 tonnes or part thereof
Heavy sections (mass > 200 kg/m): 80 tonnes or part thereof
Large casts (> 200 tonnes): 80 tonnes or part thereof

Test unit contains:

Products of same form, grade, quality, delivery condition
Same thickness range per Table 6 for yield strength

Samples from ONE product of each test unit:

One sample for tensile testing
One sample sufficient for one set of six impact test pieces

7.4 Test Methods

7.4.1 Chemical Analysis

Per EN 10315, EN ISO 15350, or CR 10320 depending on elements and content.

In case of dispute, method agreed upon taking CEN/TR 10261 into account.

7.4.2 Tensile Test

Per EN ISO 6892-1 at room temperature.

Upper yield strength (ReH) or 0.2% proof strength (Rp0.2) determined
Manufacturer may choose Method A or B from EN ISO 6892-1
Proportional test pieces (Lo = 5.65√So) for dispute cases

7.4.3 Impact Test

Per EN ISO 148-1 on V-notch specimen using 2mm striker.

Acceptance Criteria:

Average of 3 tests must meet specified requirement
One individual value may be below minimum average, but ≥70% of that value

Retest required if:

Average of 3 values is lower than minimum
Two individual values below minimum
Any value <70% of minimum

For retest:

Take 3 additional test pieces from same sample
Average of 6 tests ≥ minimum specified
Max 2 values below minimum
Max 1 value <70% of minimum

7.4.4 Ultrasonic Testing (Optional)

Option 6: For flat products ≥6mm (except hot rolled strip and plate cut from strip): EN 10160

Option 7: For H beams with parallel flanges and IPE beams: EN 10306

Option 8: For bars: EN 10308

8. MARKING, LABELING, AND PACKAGING

8.1 Required Marking

Products shall be legibly marked using methods such as:

Painting, stamping, laser marking
Barcoding, durable adhesive labels
Attached tags

8.2 Marking Content

Grade, quality, and delivery condition (abridged designation)
Cast number (for cast-based inspection)
Manufacturer’s name or trademark
External inspection mark (where applicable)

8.3 Marking Location

Close to one end or on end cut face (manufacturer’s discretion)
For bundles: on label attached to bundle or on top product
Positioned to avoid confusion with regulatory marking (CE marking)

Option 10: Specify special type of marking required

Note: For hot-dip galvanizing (Option 5), marking methods/materials can be agreed to avoid interference with surface preparation

9. SURFACE PROPERTIES

9.1 Plates and Wide Flats

EN 10163-1 and EN 10163-2 apply for permissible surface discontinuities and repair by grinding/welding.

Default: Class A, subclass 1 of EN 10163-2

Option 15: Specify other surface class

9.2 Sections

EN 10163-1 and EN 10163-3 apply for permissible surface discontinuities and repair by grinding/welding.

Default: Class C, subclass 1 of EN 10163-3

Option 16: Specify other surface class

9.3 Bars and Rods

EN ISO 9443 applies for permissible surface discontinuities and repair by grinding/welding.

Default: Class A of EN ISO 9443

Option 17: Specify other surface class

9.4 Strip

Surface condition should not impair application-appropriate use if adequate processing applied.

10. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

10.1 Applicable Standards

Dimensions and tolerances per order reference to following standards:

Product Type	Applicable Standard
Hot rolled plates	EN 10029 (Class A thickness tolerance default)
Plates cut from strip	EN 10051 (unless Option 34 specified)
Continuously hot rolled strip	EN 10051
Narrow strip	EN 10048
I and H sections	EN 10034, EN 10365
Channels	EN 10279, EN 10365
Angles	EN 10056-1, EN 10056-2
Bars (round, square, hex, flat)	EN 10058, EN 10059, EN 10060, EN 10061
Rod	EN 10017

Option 18: For hot rolled plates, specify other thickness tolerance than Class A

Option 34: For plates cut from strip, apply EN 10029 thickness tolerances instead of EN 10051

10.2 Nominal Mass

Determined from nominal dimensions using volumetric mass of 7850 kg/m³.

11. AVAILABLE OPTIONS (33 TOTAL)

EN 10025-2 provides 33 options that can be specified at enquiry/order time. Key options:

No.	Option Description
1	Steel making process details to be indicated
2	Product analysis (specify number of samples and elements)
3	Impact properties verified for quality JR
4	Through-thickness properties per EN 10164 (Z15, Z25, or Z35)
5	Chemical composition for hot-dip zinc coating (Category A, B, or D)
6	Ultrasonic testing for flat products ≥6mm per EN 10160
7	Ultrasonic testing for H beams and IPE beams per EN 10306
8	Ultrasonic testing for bars per EN 10308
10	Special type of marking required
11	Flangeability without cracking (t ≤ 30mm for S235/S275/S355)
12	Roll forming for flat products (t ≤ 8mm)
13	Impact properties verified on each parent plate/coil (J2, K2 only)
14	Impact AND tensile properties verified on each parent plate/coil (J2, K2)
15-17	Other surface class for plates/sections/bars
18	For plates: other thickness tolerance than Class A
19	Special delivery condition: +AR, +N, or +M for long products/strip; +AR or +N for quarto plates
20	Cu alloyed (0.25-0.40% for S235/S275/S355)
22	Bars suitable for cold drawing
23	Certificate of compliance for S185
25	Sample preparation for semi-finished products
26	Maximum carbon content for sections >100mm thickness
27	Higher S-content for better machinability (long products, +0.015% if Ca-treated)
28	Minimum impact values for sections >100mm thickness
33	No application of CE-marking (for products not covered by Construction Product Regulation)
34	For plates cut from strip: thickness tolerances per EN 10029 instead of EN 10051

12. QUICK REFERENCE SUMMARY

12.1 Most Popular Grades

S235J2+N – Most common general-purpose structural steel, normalized, -20°C toughness
S275J2+N – Medium strength structural steel, normalized, -20°C toughness
S355J2+N – Higher strength widely used in construction, normalized, -20°C toughness