EN 10088-3 Standard Guide

Stainless steels-Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semifinished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resistant steels for general purposes

PRODUCT FORMS & SURFACE FINISHES

HOT FORMED PRODUCTS
Symbol	Full Description	Surface Finish	Typical Use	Tolerance Range
1U	Hot formed, NOT heat treated, NOT descaled	Covered with scale (spot ground if necessary). Not free of surface imperfections.	For further hot forming	–
1C	Hot formed, heat treated, NOT descaled	Covered with scale. Not free of surface imperfections.	For further processing (hot or cold)	–
1E	Hot formed, heat treated, mechanically descaled	Largely free of scale (some black spots may remain). Not free of surface imperfections.	For further processing	≥ IT 14
1D	Hot formed, heat treated, pickled, coated (optional)	Free of scale (spot ground if necessary). Not free of surface imperfections.	MOST COMMON hot rolled. Used as-is or for further processing.	EN 10017, 10058-61
1X	Hot formed, heat treated, rough machined	Free of scale (machining marks may remain). Not free of surface imperfections.	Precision applications	≥ IT 12
1G	Hot formed, heat treated, descaled, rough machined/shaved, finished by material removal	Appearance bright but not uniform. Free of surface defects.	Severe applications (extrusion, cold/hot heading). Surface roughness can be specified.	≥ IT 12

COLD PROCESSED PRODUCTS
Symbol	Full Description	Surface Finish	Typical Use	Tolerance Range
2H	Cold processed (cold drawn), NOT heat treated, coated (optional)	Smooth and matt or bright. Not necessarily polished. Not free of surface imperfections (unless agreed).	WORK HARDENED – tensile strength substantially increased. Surface hardness may be higher than center.	IT 8 to 11 bars, T3/T4 wire
2D	Cold processed, heat treated, pickled, skin-passed (optional), coated (optional)	Smooth and matt or bright. Not free of surface imperfections (unless agreed).	Restores mechanical properties after cold processing. Good ductility, specific magnetic properties.	IT 8 to 11 bars, T3/T4 wire
2B	Cold processed, mechanically smoothed (burnishing, abrading)	Smooth, uniform and bright. Free of surface imperfections.	BRIGHT BARS. Used as-is or for better finishing. Work hardened if no subsequent heat treatment.	IT 8 to 11 bars
2G	Cold processed, centreless ground, mechanically smoothed (optional)	Smooth, uniform and bright. Free of surface defects.	Close tolerances. Unless agreed, Ra ≤ 1.2 μm	IT ≤ 9
2P	Cold processed, specular polishing (electro-polishing, felting, buffing)	Smoother and brighter than 2B or 2G. Free of surface defects.	Mirror finish. Well-groomed surface. Surface roughness must be specified at order.	IT < 11

HEAT TREATMENT SYMBOLS (used with conditions)
Symbol	Treatment	Applies To	Description
+AT	Solution annealed	Austenitic, Duplex, PH (annealed state)	Heat to 950-1200°C (grade dependent), rapid cool
+A	Annealed	Ferritic, Martensitic (soft state)	Heat to 680-850°C (grade dependent), slow cool
+QT	Quenched & tempered	Martensitic	Quench from 950-1050°C, temper at 500-800°C for desired strength level
+QT650	Q&T to Rm 650-850 MPa	Martensitic	Specific tempering for Rm range. Number indicates lower Rm limit.
+QT900	Q&T to Rm 900-1100 MPa	Martensitic	Higher strength through lower tempering temperature
+P	Precipitation hardened	PH steels	Solution anneal + aging at 480-650°C
+P800	PH to Rm 800-950 MPa	PH steels	Specific aging for Rm range. Number indicates lower Rm limit.
+P1070	PH to Rm 1070-1270 MPa	PH steels	Higher strength through optimized aging
+C500	Cold worked to Rm 500-700 MPa	Wire, bars	Work hardening by cold drawing. Number indicates lower Rm limit.
+C1800	Cold worked to Rm 1800-2100 MPa	Wire (mainly austenitic)	Very high strength through severe cold work

IMPORTANT NOTES ON CONDITIONS

• Heat treatment may be omitted for austenitic/duplex/ferritic IF hot working + cooling achieve required properties + IGC resistance

• Bright bars in 2H condition: Work hardened = high strength but reduced ductility

• Wire in 2H condition: Available in strength levels from +C500 to +C1800 (grade dependent)

• Tolerances IT 12 and finer can be obtained with no change in mechanical properties (conditions 1X, 1G)

• Surface technically defect-free by manufacture can be agreed for conditions 1X, 2H, 2D

• For wire in 2H or 2D condition: surface quality shall be agreed at time of enquiry and order

QUICK REFERENCE – Most Common Grades & Key Information

By Usage Volume

TOP 10 MOST COMMON GRADES (by usage volume)
Rank	Number	Name	Type	AISI	Key Properties	Typical Applications
1	1.4301	X5CrNi18-10	Aust STD	304	Rp0.2: 190 MPa, excellent formability, most versatile	General purpose, food equipment, architecture
2	1.4404	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	Aust STD	316L	Rp0.2: 200 MPa, Mo-bearing, superior corrosion resistance	Marine, chemical, pharmaceuticals, medical
3	1.4307	X2CrNi18-9	Aust STD	304L	Rp0.2: 175 MPa, low C, best weldability	Welded structures, tanks, piping
4	1.4462	X2CrNiMoN22-5-3	Duplex STD	2205	Rp0.2: 450 MPa, PRE ~35, high strength + corrosion	Oil & gas, offshore, chemical, marine
5	1.4016	X6Cr17	Ferr STD	430	Rp0.2: 240 MPa, magnetic, economical, good formability	Automotive, appliances, architecture (interior)
6	1.4541	X6CrNiTi18-10	Aust STD	321	Rp0.2: 190 MPa, Ti-stabilized, high temp resistance	Exhaust systems, heat exchangers, furnace parts
7	1.4006	X12Cr13	Mart STD	410	Rp0.2: 450 MPa (+QT650), heat treatable, magnetic	Fasteners, shafts, valves, cutlery
8	1.4021	X20Cr13	Mart STD	420	Rp0.2: 500-600 MPa (+QT), higher C, higher hardness	Cutlery, surgical instruments, valve stems
9	1.4401	X5CrNiMo17-12-2	Aust STD	316	Rp0.2: 200 MPa, standard Mo grade, versatile	Marine equipment, chemical processing
10	1.4362	X2CrNiN23-4	Duplex STD	2304	Rp0.2: 400 MPa, PRE ~26, lean duplex, economical	Tanks, piping, heat exchangers

BY PRODUCT FORM

HOT ROLLED BARS & RODS (condition 1D most common):

1.4301 (304) – Universal, widest availability, all sizes

1.4404 (316L) – Corrosive environments, wide size range

1.4462 (2205) – High strength applications, standard duplex

1.4016 (430) – Economical ferritic, good formability

BRIGHT BARS (conditions 2H, 2B, 2G most common):

1.4301 (304) – Precision machining, close tolerances

1.4404 (316L) – Medical devices, food equipment, precision parts

1.4021 (420) – Heat treatable, shafts, fasteners

1.4006 (410) – General martensitic, economical

WIRE (conditions 2H cold work hardened, 2D annealed):

1.4301 (304) – Spring wire, fasteners, screens, up to +C1800

1.4462 (2205) – High strength wire, up to +C1800

1.4016 (430) – Ferritic wire, economical, up to +C900

1.4542 (17-4 PH) – Very high strength wire when age-hardened

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS COMPOSTION / CHEMISTRY

Grade

Number

Name

Si%

Mn%

Cr%

Ni%

Mo%

Cu%

Others

Notes

STD

1.4310

X10CrNi18-8

0.030 to 0.15

2.00

0.045

0.015

16.0 to 19.0

6.0 to 9.5

0.80

0.10

–

Cold working grade

STD

1.4307

X2CrNi18-9

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.5 to 19.5

8.0 to 10.5

–

0.10

–

304L equivalent, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4305

X8CrNiS18-9

0.10

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.15 to 0.35

17.0 to 19.0

8.0 to 10.0

–

0.10

1.00

–

Free machining

STD

1.4570

X6CrNiCuS18-9-2

0.08

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.15 to 0.35

17.0 to 19.0

8.0 to 10.0

0.60

0.10

1.40 to 1.80

–

Free mach, Cu-bearing

STD

1.4567

X3CrNiCu18-9-4

0.04

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.0 to 19.0

8.5 to 10.5

–

0.10

3.00 to 4.0

–

Cu-bearing, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4311

X2CrNiN18-10

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.5 to 19.5

8.5 to 11.5

–

0.12 to 0.22

–

304LN, N-strengthened

STD

1.4301

X5CrNi18-10

0.07

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.5 to 19.5

8.0 to 10.5

–

0.10

–

304 MOST COMMON, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4541

X6CrNiTi18-10

0.08

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.0 to 19.0

9.0 to 12.0

–

Ti: 5×C to 0.70

321 Ti-stabilized, Ni max +1.0%

STD

1.4306

X2CrNi19-11

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

18.0 to 20.0

10.0 to 12.0

–

0.10

–

304L variant, Ni max +1.0%

STD

1.4303

X4CrNi18-12

0.06

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.0 to 19.0

11.0 to 13.0

–

0.10

–

305 S ≤0.030

STD

1.4406

X2CrNiMoN17-11-2

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

16.5 to 18.5

10.0 to 12.5

2.00 to 2.50

0.12 to 0.22

–

316LN, Ni max +1.0%

STD

1.4404

X2CrNiMo17-12-2

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

16.5 to 18.5

10.0 to 13.0

2.00 to 3.00

0.10

–

316L VERY COMMON, Ni max +1.5%

STD

1.4401

X5CrNiMo17-12-2

0.07

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

16.5 to 18.5

10.0 to 13.0

2.00 to 2.50

0.10

–

316 S ≤0.030

STD

1.4571

X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2

0.08

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

16.5 to 18.5

10.5 to 13.5

2.00 to 2.50

–

Ti: 5×C to 0.70

316Ti, Ni max +1.0% & +0.5%

STD

1.4432

X2CrNiMo17-12-3

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

16.5 to 18.5

10.5 to 13.0

2.50 to 3.00

0.10

–

316L higher Mo, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4436

X3CrNiMo17-12-3

0.05

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

16.5 to 18.5

10.5 to 13.0

2.50 to 3.00

0.10

–

316 higher Mo, Ni max +1.0%

STD

1.4429

X2CrNiMoN17-13-3

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.015

16.5 to 18.5

11.0 to 14.0

2.50 to 3.00

0.12 to 0.22

–

N-strengthened, Ni max +1.0%

STD

1.4435

X2CrNiMo18-14-3

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.0 to 19.0

12.5 to 15.0

2.50 to 3.00

0.10

–

317L S ≤0.030

STD

1.4439

X2CrNiMoN17-13-5

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.015

16.5 to18.5

12.5 to 14.5

4.0 to 5.0

0.12 to 0.22

–

317LMN high Mo+N

STD

1.4539

X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5

0.020

0.70

2.00

0.030

0.010

19.0 to 21.0

24.0 to 26.0

4.0 to 5.0

0.15

1.20 to 2.00

–

904L Ni-based superaustenitic

1.4325

X9CrNi18-9

0.030 to 0.15

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.0 to 19.0

8.0 to 10.0

–

Cold working grade

1.4315

X5CrNiN19-9

0.06

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.015

18.0 to 20.0

8.0 to 11.0

–

0.12 to 0.22

–

N-strengthened

1.4560

X3CrNiCu19-9-2

0.035

1.00

1.50 to 2.00

0.045

0.015

18.0 to 19.0

8.0 to 9.0

–

0.10

1.50 to 2.00

–

Cu-bearing

1.4550

X6CrNiNb18-10

0.08

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.015

17.0 to 19.0

9.0 to 12.0

–

Nb: 10×C to 1.00

347 Nb-stabilized, Ni max +1.0%

1.4361

X1CrNiSi18-15-4

0.015

3.7 to 4.5

2.00

0.025

0.010

16.5 to 18.5

14.0 to 16.0

0.20

0.10

–

High Si

1.4597

X8CrMnCuN17-8-3

0.10

2.00

6.5 to 9.0

0.040

0.030

15.0 to 18.0

3.00

1.00

0.10 to 0.30

2.00 to 3.5

–

High Mn+Cu

1.4615

X3CrMnNiCu15-8-5-3

0.030

1.00

7.0 to 9.0

0.040

0.010

14.0 to 16.0

4.5 to 6.0

0.80

0.02 to 0.06

2.00 to 4.0

–

High Mn+Cu

1.4372

X12CrMnNiN17-7-5

0.15

1.00

5.5 to 7.5

0.045

0.015

16.0 to 18.0

3.5 to 5.5

–

0.05 to 0.25

–

High Mn+N

1.4374

X8CrMnNiN18-9-5

0.05 to 0.10

0.30 to 0.60

9.0 to 10.0

0.035

0.030

17.5 to 18.5

5.0 to 6.0

0.50

0.25 to 0.32

0.40

–

High Mn+N

1.4369

X11CrNiMnN19-8-6

0.07 to 0.15

0.50 to 1.00

5.0 to 7.5

0.030

0.015

17.5 to 19.5

6.5 to 8.5

–

0.20 to 0.30

–

High Mn+N

1.4020

X13MnNiN18-13-2

0.15

1.00

11.0 to 14.0

0.045

0.030

16.5 to 19.0

0.50 to 2.50

–

0.20 to 0.45

–

High Mn non-magnetic

1.4378

X6CrMnNiN18-13-3

0.08

1.00

11.5 to 14.5

0.060

0.030

17.0 to 19.0

2.30 to 3.7

–

0.20 to 0.40

–

High Mn non-magnetic

1.4646*

X6CrMnNiCuN18-12-4-2*

0.020 to 0.10

1.00

10.5 to 12.5

0.050

0.015

17.0 to 19.0

3.5 to 4.5

0.50

0.20 to 0.30

1.50 to 3.00

–

High Mn+Cu PATENTED

1.4391

X3CrMnNiN20-9-6

0.04

1.00

8.0 to 10.0

0.045

0.030

19.0 to 21.5

5.5 to 7.5

0.75

0.15 to 0.40

–

High Mn+N NEW in 2023

1.4598

X2CrNiMoCuS17-10-2

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.10 to 0.20

16.5 to 18.5

10.0 to 13.0

2.00 to 2.50

0.10

1.30 to 1.80

–

Free mach+Mo+Cu

1.4578

X3CrNiCuMo17-11-3-2

0.04

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.015

16.5 to 17.5

10.0 to 11.0

2.00 to 2.50

0.10

3.00 to 3.5

–

Cu-bearing+Mo

1.4580

X6CrNiMoNb17-12-2

0.08

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.015

16.5 to 18.5

10.5 to 13.5

2.00 to 2.50

–

Nb: 10×C to 1.00

Nb-stabilized+Mo

1.4438

X2CrNiMo18-15-4

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.045

0.030

17.5 to 19.5

13.0 to 16.0

3.00 to 4.0

0.10

–

High Ni+Mo, Ni max +1.0%

1.4681

X5CrNiMnMoNNbV22-12-5-2

0.06

1.00

4.0 to 6.0

0.045

0.030

20.5 to 23.5

11.5 to 13.5

1.50 to 3.00

0.20 to 0.40

–

Nb: 0.10 to 0.30, V: 0.10 to 0.30

NEW in 2023

1.4547

X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7

0.020

0.70

1.00

0.030

0.010

19.5 to 20.5

17.5 to 18.5

6.0 to 7.0

0.18 to 0.25

0.50 to 1.00

–

254 SMO superaustenitic

1.4466

X1CrNiMoN25-22-2

0.020

0.70

2.00

0.025

0.010

24.0 to 26.0

21.0 to 23.0

2.00 to 2.50

0.10 to 0.16

–

High Cr+Ni

1.4659

X1CrNiMoCuNW24-22-6

0.020

0.70

2.00 to 4.0

0.030

0.010

23.0 to 25.0

21.0 to 23.0

5.5 to 6.5

0.35 to 0.50

1.00 to 2.00

W: 1.50 to 2.50

W-bearing superaustenitic

1.4652

X1CrNiMoCuN24-22-8

0.020

0.50

2.00 to 4.0

0.030

0.005

23.0 to 25.0

21.0 to 23.0

7.0 to 8.0

0.45 to 0.55

0.30 to 0.60

–

Very high Mo superaustenitic

1.4565

X2CrNiMnMoN25-18-6-5

0.030

1.00

5.0 to 7.0

0.030

0.015

24.0 to 26.0

16.0 to 19.0

4.0 to 5.0

0.30 to 0.60

–

Nb ≤ 0.15

HIGH MN superaustenitic

1.4529

X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7

0.020

0.75

2.00

0.030

0.010

19.0 to 21.0

24.0 to 26.0

6.0 to 7.0

0.15 to 0.25

0.50 to 1.50

–

6Mo+7Mo superaustenitic

1.4563

X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4

0.020

0.70

2.00

0.030

0.010

26.0 to 28.0

30.0 to 32.0

3.00 to 4.0

0.10

0.70 to 1.50

–

Ni-based very high Ni

DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS COMPOSTION / CHEMISTRY

Grade

Number

Name

Si%

Mn%

Cr%

Ni%

Mo%

Cu%

Others

PRE

Notes

STD

1.4062*

X2CrNiN22-2*

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.040

0.010

21.5 to 24.0

1.00 to 2.90

0.45

0.16 to 0.28

–

~25-28

Lean duplex PATENTED

STD

1.4362

X2CrNiN23-4

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.035

0.015

22.0 to 24.5

3.5 to 5.5

0.10 to 0.60

0.05 to 0.20

0.10 to 0.60

–

~25-26

Lean duplex 2304

STD

1.4162

X2CrMnNiN21-5-1

0.04

1.00

4.0 to 6.0

0.040

0.015

21.0 to 22.0

1.35 to 1.90

0.10 to 0.80

0.20 to 0.25

0.10 to 0.80

–

~24-26

Lean duplex Mn-bearing

STD

1.4482

X2CrMnNiMoN21-5-3

0.030

1.00

4.0 to 6.0

0.035

0.030

19.5 to 21.5

1.50 to 3.5

0.10 to 0.60

0.05 to 0.20

1.00

–

~28-30

Mn-bearing duplex

STD

1.4462

X2CrNiMoN22-5-3

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.035

0.015

21.0 to 23.0

4.5 to 6.5

2.50 to 3.5

0.10 to 0.22

–

~34-36

2205 MOST COMMON DUPLEX

STD

1.4460

X3CrNiMoN27-5-2

0.05

1.00

2.00

0.035

0.030

25.0 to 28.0

4.5 to 6.5

1.30 to 2.00

0.05 to 0.20

–

~30-32

High Cr duplex, S ≤0.030

1.4669*

X2CrCuNiN23-2-2*

0.045

1.00

1.00 to 3.00

0.040

0.030

21.5 to 24.0

1.00 to 3.00

0.50

0.12 to 0.20

1.60 to 3.00

–

~25-27

Lean duplex Cu-bearing PATENTED

1.4670*

X2CrMnNiSiN20-5-4-2*

0.030

1.50 to 3.00

4.0 to 6.0

0.040

0.010

18.0 to 21.0

3.00 to 5.5

0.60

0.10 to 0.20

1.00

–

~22-25

High Si duplex NEW 2023 PATENTED

1.4424

X2CrNiMoSi18-5-3

0.030

1.40 to 2.00

1.20 to 2.00

0.035

0.015

18.0 to 19.0

4.5 to 5.2

2.50 to 3.00

0.05 to 0.10

–

~28-30

High Si duplex

1.4662*

X2CrNiMnMoCuN24-4-3-2*

0.030

0.70

2.50 to 4.0

0.035

0.005

23.0 to 25.0

3.0 to 4.5

1.00 to 2.00

0.20 to 0.30

0.10 to 0.80

–

~30-32

Mn+Cu duplex PATENTED

1.4507

X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3

0.030

0.70

2.00

0.035

0.015

24.0 to 26.0

6.0 to 8.0

3.00 to 4.0

0.20 to 0.30

1.00 to 2.50

–

~38-40

Superduplex

1.4410

X2CrNiMoN25-7-4

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.035

0.015

24.0 to 26.0

6.0 to 8.0

3.00 to 4.5

0.24 to 0.35

–

~40-43

2507 Superduplex

1.4501

X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4

0.030

1.00

0.035

0.015

24.0 to 26.0

6.0 to 8.0

3.0 to 4.0

0.20 to 0.30

0.50 to 1.00

W: 0.50 to 1.00

~40-42

W-bearing superduplex

1.4477

X2CrNiMoN29-7-2

0.030

0.50

0.80 to 1.50

0.030

0.015

28.0 to 30.0

5.8 to 7.5

1.50 to 2.60

0.30 to 0.40

0.80

–

~42-45

Hyperduplex

1.4658

X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-1

0.030

0.50

1.50

0.035

0.010

26.0 to 29.0

5.5 to 9.5

4.0 to 5.0

0.30 to 0.50

1.00

Co: 0.50 to 2.00

~45-48

Co-bearing hyperduplex

FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS COMPOSTION / CHEMISTRY

Grade

Number

Name

Si%

Mn%

Cr%

Ni%

Mo%

Ti%

Others

Notes

STD

1.4003

X2CrNi12

0.030

1.00

2.00

0.040

0.030

10.5 to 12.5

0.30 to 1.00

–

0.030

–

409 Automotive, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4000

X6Cr13

0.08

1.00

0.040

0.030

12.0 to 14.0

–

410S ferritic, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4016

X6Cr17

0.08

1.00

0.040

0.030

16.0 to 18.0

–

430 MOST COMMON FERRITIC, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4105

X6CrMoS17

0.08

1.50

0.040

0.15 to 0.35

16.0 to 18.0

–

0.20 to 0.60

–

Free machining

STD

1.4113

X6CrMo17-1

0.08

1.00

0.040

0.030

16.0 to 18.0

–

0.90 to 1.40

–

434 Mo-bearing, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4106

X2CrMoSiS18-2-1

0.030

2.00

1.00

0.040

0.25 to 0.35

17.0 to 19.0

–

1.00 to 2.50

–

Free mach+high Si+Mo NEW 2023

1.4045

X3CrS12

0.06

2.00

1.50

0.040

0.15 to 0.35

11.0 to 13.0

–

1.00

–

Free machining NEW 2023

1.4520

X2CrTi17

0.025

0.50

0.040

0.015

16.0 to 18.0

–

0.015

4×(C+N)+0.15 to 0.80

–

Ti-stabilized, S ≤0.015

1.4511

X3CrNb17

0.05

1.00

0.040

0.030

16.0 to 18.0

–

Nb: 12×C to 1.00

Nb-stabilized, S ≤0.030

1.4509

X2CrTiNb18

0.030

1.00

0.040

0.015

17.5 to 18.5

–

0.10 to 0.60

Nb: 3×C+0.30 to 1.00

Ti+Nb stabilized, S ≤0.015

1.4611*

X2CrTi21*

0.030

1.00

0.050

19.0 to 22.0

0.50

–

4×(C+N)+0.20 to 1.00

Al: 0.050, Cu: 0.50

Ti-stabilized high Cr PATENTED

1.4621

X2CrNbCu21

0.030

1.00

0.040

0.015

20.0 to 21.5

–

0.030

–

Cu: 0.10 to 1.00, Nb: 7×(C+N)+0.10 to 1.00

Nb+Cu stabilized

1.4613*

X2CrTi24*

0.030

1.00

0.050

22.0 to 25.0

0.50

–

4×(C+N)+0.20 to 1.00

Al: 0.050, Cu: 0.50

Ti-stabilized very high Cr PATENTED

1.4526

X6CrMoNb17-1

0.08

1.00

0.040

0.015

16.0 to 18.0

–

0.80 to 1.40

0.040

–

Nb: 7×(C+N)+0.10 to 1.00

Nb-stabilized+Mo

1.4523

X2CrMoTiS18-2

0.030

1.00

0.50

0.040

0.15 to 0.35

17.5 to 19.0

–

2.00 to 2.50

–

4×(C+N)+0.15 to 0.80

(C+N) ≤ 0.040

Free mach+Ti+Mo

1.4114

X6CrMoS19-2

0.08

1.00

2.50

0.040

0.15 to 0.35

17.5 to 19.5

0.75

1.50 to 2.50

–

Free mach+Mo NEW 2023

MARTENSITIC & PH STAINLESS STEELS COMPOSTION / CHEMISTRY

Type

Grade

Number

Name

Si%

Mn%

Cr%

Ni%

Mo%

Cu%

Others

Notes

MART

STD

1.4006

X12Cr13

0.08 to 0.15

1.00

1.50

0.040

0.030

11.5 to 13.5

0.75

–

410 Basic martensitic, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4005

X12CrS13

0.06 to 0.15

1.00

1.50

0.040

0.15 to 0.35

12.0 to 14.0

–

0.60

–

Free machining 410

MART

STD

1.4024

X15Cr13

0.12 to 0.17

1.00

0.040

0.030

12.0 to 14.0

–

Higher C than 410, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4021

X20Cr13

0.16 to 0.25

1.00

1.50

0.040

0.030

12.0 to 14.0

–

420 Medium C mart, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4028

X30Cr13

0.26 to 0.36

1.00

1.50

0.040

0.030

12.0 to 14.0

–

Higher hardness, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4031

X39Cr13

0.36 to 0.42

1.00

0.040

0.030

12.5 to 14.5

–

440A High C mart, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4034

X46Cr13

0.43 to 0.50

1.00

0.040

0.030

12.5 to 14.5

–

440B Very high C, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4037

X65Cr13

0.58 to 0.70

1.00

0.040

0.015

12.5 to 14.5

–

Tool steel NEW 2023

MART

STD

1.4057

X17CrNi16-2

0.12 to 0.22

1.00

1.50

0.040

0.030

15.0 to 17.0

1.50 to 2.50

–

Ni-bearing mart, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4419

X38CrMo14

0.36 to 0.42

1.00

0.040

0.015

13.0 to 14.5

–

0.60 to 1.00

–

Mo-bearing high C

MART

STD

1.4110

X55CrMo14

0.48 to 0.60

1.00

0.040

0.030

13.0 to 15.0

–

0.50 to 0.80

–

V ≤ 0.15

High C+Mo+V, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4313

X3CrNiMo13-4

0.05

0.70

1.50

0.040

0.015

12.0 to 14.0

3.5 to 4.5

0.30 to 0.70

–

N ≥ 0.020

Supermartensitic

MART

STD

1.4116

X50CrMoV15

0.35 to 0.55

1.00

0.040

0.030

14.0 to 15.5

–

0.50 to 0.80

–

N: see note, V: 0.10 to 0.20

440C tool steel, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4104

X14CrMoS17

0.10 to 0.17

1.00

1.50

0.040

0.15 to 0.35

15.5 to 17.5

–

0.20 to 0.60

–

Free machining+Mo

MART

STD

1.4418

X4CrNiMo16-5-1

0.06

0.70

1.50

0.040

0.030

15.0 to 17.0

4.0 to 6.0

0.80 to 1.50

–

N ≥ 0.020

Supermartensitic, S ≤0.030

MART

STD

1.4122

X39CrMo17-1

0.33 to 0.45

1.00

1.50

0.040

0.030

15.5 to 17.5

1.00

0.80 to 1.30

–

High C+Mo, S ≤0.030

MART

1.4029

X29CrS13

0.25 to 0.32

1.00

1.50

0.040

0.15 to 0.25

12.0 to 13.5

–

0.60

–

Free machining

MART

1.4035

X46CrS13

0.43 to 0.50

1.00

2.00

0.040

0.15 to 0.35

12.5 to 14.0

–

Free mach high C

MART

1.4109

X70CrMo15

0.60 to 0.75

0.70

1.00

0.040

0.030

14.0 to 16.0

–

0.40 to 0.80

–

Tool steel, S ≤0.030

MART

1.4415

X2CrNiMoV13-5-2

0.030

0.50

0.040

0.015

11.5 to 13.5

4.5 to 6.5

1.50 to 2.50

–

Ti ≤ 0.010, V: 0.10 to 0.50

Supermartensitic low C

MART

1.4150

X53CrSiMoVN16-2

0.045 to 0.60

1.30 to 1.70

0.80

0.030

0.010

15.0 to 16.5

0.40

0.20 to 0.40

–

N: 0.050 to 0.20, V: 0.20 to 0.40

High Si tool steel

MART

1.4125

X105CrMo17

0.95 to 1.20

1.00

0.040

0.030

16.0 to 18.0

–

0.40 to 0.80

–

Very high C tool steel, S ≤0.030

MART

1.4123

X40CrMoVN16-2

0.35 to 0.50

1.00

0.040

0.015

14.0 to 16.0

0.50

1.00 to 2.50

–

N: 0.10 to 0.30, V ≤ 1.50

Tool steel N+V

MART

1.4112

X90CrMoV18

0.85 to 0.95

1.00

0.040

0.030

17.0 to 19.0

–

0.90 to 1.30

–

V: 0.07 to 0.12

Tool steel, S ≤0.030

STD

1.4542

X5CrNiCuNb16-4

0.07

0.70

1.50

0.040

0.030

15.0 to 17.0

3.0 to 5.0

0.60

3.0 to 5.0

Nb: 5×C to 0.45

17-4 PH / 630 MOST COMMON PH

STD

1.4568

X7CrNiAl17-7

0.09

0.70

1.00

0.040

0.015

16.0 to 18.0

6.5 to 7.8

–

Al: 0.70 to 1.50

17-7 PH / 631 Ni max +0.5%

STD

1.4594

X5CrNiMoCuNb14-5

0.07

0.70

1.00

0.040

0.015

13.0 to 15.0

5.0 to 6.0

1.20 to 2.00

Nb: 0.15 to 0.60

Custom 455 PH

1.4530

X1CrNiMoAlTi12-9-2

0.015

0.10

0.010

0.005

11.5 to 12.5

8.5 to 9.5

1.85 to 2.15

–

N: 0.010, Al: 0.60 to 0.80, Ti: 0.28 to 0.37

Maraging steel

1.4596

X1CrNiMoAlTi12-10-2

0.015

0.10

0.010

0.005

11.5 to 12.5

9.2 to 10.2

1.85 to 2.15

–

N ≤ 0.020, Al: 0.80 to 1.10, Ti: 0.28 to 0.40

Maraging steel

1.4612

X1CrNiMoAlTi12-11-2

0.015

0.10

0.010

0.005

11.0 to 12.5

10.2 to 11.3

1.75 to 2.25

–

N ≤ 0.010, Al: 1.35 to 1.75, Ti: 0.20 to 0.50

Maraging steel

1.4606

X5NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2

0.08

1.00

1.00 to 2.00

0.025

0.015

13.0 to 16.0

24.0 to 27.0

1.00 to 1.50

–

Al ≤ 0.35, B: 0.0010 to 0.010, Ti: 1.90 to 2.30, V: 0.10 to 0.50

Ni-based PH

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SUMMARY – Key Grades & Common Conditions

AUSTENITIC – SOLUTION ANNEALED (+AT) – Conditions 1C,1E,1D,1X,1G,2D
Grade	Number	Name	Form	Thick mm	Rp0.2 MPa	Rp1.0 MPa	Rm MPa	A% min	KV₂ J min	AISI
STD	1.4301	X5CrNi18-10	Bar ≤160	≤160	190	225	500-700	45	100	304
STD	1.4307	X2CrNi18-9	Bar ≤160	≤160	175	210	500-700	45	100	304L
STD	1.4404	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	Bar ≤160	≤160	200	235	500-700	40	100	316L
STD	1.4541	X6CrNiTi18-10	Bar ≤160	≤160	190	225	500-700	40	100	321
STD	1.4539	X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5	Bar ≤160	≤160	230	260	530-730	35	100	904L

DUPLEX – SOLUTION ANNEALED (+AT) – Conditions 1C,1E,1D,1X,1G,2D
Grade	Number	Name	Form	Thick mm	Rp0.2 MPa	Rm MPa	A% min	KV₂ J min	PRE
STD	1.4362	X2CrNiN23-4	Bar ≤160	≤160	400	600-830	25	100	~26
STD	1.4462	X2CrNiMoN22-5-3	Bar ≤160	≤160	450	650-880	25	100	~35
SP	1.4410	X2CrNiMoN25-7-4	Bar ≤160	≤160	530	730-930	25	100	~42

FERRITIC – ANNEALED (+A) – Conditions 1C,1E,1D,1X,1G,2D
Grade	Number	Name	Form	Thick mm	Rp0.2 MPa	Rm MPa	A% min	AISI
STD	1.4016	X6Cr17	Bar ≤100	≤100	240	400-630	20	430
STD	1.4003	X2CrNi12	Bar ≤100	≤100	260	450-600	20	409
STD	1.4113	X6CrMo17-1	Bar ≤100	≤100	280	440-660	18	434

MARTENSITIC – QUENCHED & TEMPERED (+QT) – Conditions 1C,1E,1D,1X,1G,2D
Grade	Number	Name	Condition	Thick mm	Rp0.2 MPa	Rm MPa	A% min	KV₂ J min	AISI
STD	1.4006	X12Cr13	+QT650	≤160	450	650-850	15	25	410
STD	1.4021	X20Cr13	+QT700	≤160	500	700-850	13	25	420
STD	1.4021	X20Cr13	+QT800	≤160	600	800-950	12	20	420
STD	1.4313	X3CrNiMo13-4	+QT780	≤160	620	780-980	15	70	–
STD	1.4313	X3CrNiMo13-4	+QT900	≤160	800	900-1100	12	50	–
STD	1.4418	X4CrNiMo16-5-1	+QT900	≤160	700	900-1100	16	80	–

PRECIPITATION HARDENING – Conditions 1C,1E,1D,1X,1G,2D
Grade	Number	Name	Condition	Thick mm	Rp0.2 MPa	Rm MPa	A% min	KV₂ J min
STD	1.4542	X5CrNiCuNb16-4	+P800	≤100	520	800-950	18	75
STD	1.4542	X5CrNiCuNb16-4	+P1070	≤100	1000	1070-1270	10	–

BRIGHT BARS – AUSTENITIC SOLUTION ANNEALED – Conditions 2H,2B,2G,2P
Grade	Number	Name	Diam mm	Rp0.2 MPa	Rm MPa	A₅% min	Notes
STD	1.4301	X5CrNi18-10	≤10	400	600-950	25	Small diameter
STD	1.4301	X5CrNi18-10	16-40	190	600-850	25	Medium diameter
STD	1.4301	X5CrNi18-10	63-160	190	500-700	45	Large diameter
STD	1.4404	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	≤10	400	600-930	25	Small diameter
STD	1.4404	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	16-40	200	500-830	30	Medium diameter
STD	1.4404	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	63-160	200	500-700	40	Large diameter

WIRE – COLD WORK HARDENED (+C) – Condition 2H
Steel Type	Strength Level	Rm MPa	Typical Grades	Notes
Austenitic	+C500	500-700	304, 316, 321	Low strength
Austenitic	+C800	800-1000	304, 316, 321	Medium strength
Austenitic	+C1200	1200-1450	304, 316, 321	High strength
Austenitic	+C1800	1800-2100	304, 316, 321	Very high strength
Duplex	+C1000	1000-1250	2205, 2507	High strength
Duplex	+C1800	1800-2100	2205, 2507	Very high strength
Ferritic	+C700	700-900	430, 434	Medium strength
Martensitic	+C1000	1000-1250	410, 420	High strength

KEY SELECTION CRITERIA

CORROSION RESISTANCE:

• Mild (indoor, dry): Ferritic (430), Austenitic (304)

• Moderate (outdoor, urban): Austenitic (304, 316L)

• Severe (marine, chemical): Austenitic-Mo (316L), Duplex (2205)

• Very severe (seawater, chlorides): Duplex (2507), Superaustenitic (254 SMO, 904L)

STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS:

• Low (< 250 MPa): Austenitic (304, 316L), Ferritic (430)

• Medium (250-450 MPa): Austenitic N-grades, Duplex (2304, 2205)

• High (450-600 MPa): Duplex (2205, 2507), Martensitic +QT

• Very high (> 800 MPa): Martensitic +QT, PH +P

TEMPERATURE:

• Cryogenic (< -40°C): ONLY austenitic (304L, 316L)

• Room temperature: All types suitable

• Elevated (< 550°C): Austenitic (general use)

• Elevated (> 550°C): Ti or Nb stabilized (321, 347)

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES:

• Non-magnetic required: ONLY austenitic grades

• Magnetic acceptable: Ferritic, duplex, martensitic, PH

FORMABILITY:

• Excellent: Austenitic (304L, 316L), Ferritic (430)

• Good: Austenitic (general)

• Moderate: Duplex

• Limited: Martensitic, PH

WELDABILITY:

• Excellent: L-grades (304L, 316L – low carbon)

• Good: Stabilized grades (321, 347), Duplex

• Fair: Standard austenitic (304, 316)

• Limited: Martensitic, PH (preheat/postheat required)

COST CONSIDERATIONS:

• Most economical: Ferritic (430, 409) – low Ni

• Economical: Austenitic (304) – standard 18-8

• Moderate: Austenitic-Mo (316L), Lean duplex (2304)

• Premium: Duplex (2205, 2507), Superaustenitic, PH

SUMMARY

Product Forms Covered

Semi-finished products (blooms, billets, slabs)

Hot-formed bars (round, square, hexagon, flat)

Rods (hot-rolled coils)

Cold-processed bright bars (precision tolerances IT 8-11)

Wire (0.05 mm to 16 mm diameter)

Sections (I-beams, channels, angles, T-sections, Z-sections)

Conditions & Surface Finishes

Hot Formed
1U – Hot formed, not heat treated, not descaled (covered with scale)
1C – Hot formed, heat treated, not descaled
1E – Hot formed, heat treated, mechanically descaled
1D – Hot formed, heat treated, pickled, coated (most common hot rolled)
1X – Hot formed, heat treated, rough machined
1G – Hot formed, heat treated, descaled, rough machined/shaved

Cold Processed
2H – Cold processed (cold drawn), not heat treated (work hardened)
2D – Cold processed, heat treated, pickled, skin-passed
2B – Cold processed, mechanically smoothed (bright)
2G – Centreless ground (close tolerances IT ≤ 9)
2P – Specular polishing (mirror finish)

Most Common Grades by Product Form

Bars & Rods (hot rolled)
1.4301 (304) – General purpose austenitic, most common overall
1.4404 (316L) – Mo-bearing, excellent corrosion resistance
1.4462 (2205) – Standard duplex, high strength
1.4016 (430) – Ferritic, economical
1.4006 (410) – Martensitic, heat treatable

Bright Bars (cold processed):
1.4301 (304) – Close tolerances, good surface finish
1.4404 (316L) – Precision machining, corrosion resistant
1.4021 (420) – Heat treatable, higher strength

Wire (cold drawn)
1.4301 (304) – Spring wire, fasteners, up to +C1800 (1800-2100 MPa)
1.4462 (2205) – High strength wire, up to +C1800
1.4016 (430) – Ferritic wire, up to +C900

Important Notes

All chemistry values are cast analysis (heat/melt analysis)

Mechanical properties at room temperature unless stated otherwise

Solution annealed (+AT) for austenitic & duplex grades

Annealed (+A) for ferritic grades

Quenched & tempered (+QT) or precipitation hardened (+P) for martensitic & PH grades

Impact test: KV₂ (Charpy V-notch with 2mm radius striker)

Intergranular corrosion test: per EN ISO 3651-2

Tolerances & Dimensional Standards

Hot-rolled round bars: EN 10060

Hot-rolled square bars: EN 10059

Hot-rolled hexagon bars: EN 10061

Hot-rolled flat bars: EN 10058

Bright bars: EN 10278 (IT 8 to IT 11)

Wire: EN 10218-2 (tolerance classes T3 or T4)

Rod for drawing/rolling: EN 10017

Sections: EN 10024, EN 10034, EN 10055, EN 10056-2, EN 10279

Inspection & Testing

Mandatory tests: Cast analysis, tensile test at ambient temperature

Optional tests (by agreement): Tensile at elevated temp, impact test, IGC test, hardness

Test units: Batch (products from same cast, same heat treatment)

Sampling: 1 sample per 25 tonnes; max 2 per batch from different products

Inspection documents: Min. EN 10204 Type 2.2; EN 10204 Type 3.1 standard

MASTER SELECTION GUIDE

MASTER SELECTION GUIDE – By Application & Property Requirements

Comprehensive guide for selecting the right grade for your specific needs

SELECTION BY APPLICATION

FASTENERS (Bolts, Screws, Nuts)

• General indoor/mild environment: 1.4301 (304) bars/bright bars

• Outdoor/corrosive: 1.4404 (316L) bars/bright bars

• High strength: 1.4021 (420) +QT, 1.4542 (17-4 PH) +P

• Non-magnetic: 1.4301 (304), 1.4404 (316L) – austenitic only

SHAFTS, PINS, PRECISION PARTS

• Low strength, corrosion resistant: 1.4301 (304), 1.4404 (316L) bright bars 2B, 2G

• Medium strength: 1.4462 (2205) duplex bright bars

• High strength, heat treatable: 1.4021 (420), 1.4057 (1.4057) martensitic +QT

• Very high strength: 1.4542 (17-4 PH) +P1070

• Close tolerances: Use condition 2G (IT ≤ 9) or 2P

SPRINGS

• Light duty: 1.4301 (304) wire condition 2H (+C800 to +C1200)

• Medium duty: 1.4301 (304) wire condition 2H (+C1400 to +C1800)

• Heavy duty: 1.4462 (2205) duplex wire condition 2H

• Non-magnetic: Only austenitic wire (304, 316L)

• High temperature: 1.4568 (17-7 PH) per EN ISO 6931-1

MARINE & OFFSHORE

• Atmospheric/above splash: 1.4404 (316L) bars

• Seawater immersion: 1.4462 (2205) duplex bars

• Splash zone (most aggressive): 1.4410 (2507) superduplex bars

• Oil & gas platforms: 1.4410 (2507), 1.4477 (hyperduplex)

CHEMICAL PROCESSING

• Mild chemicals: 1.4404 (316L) bars/bright bars

• Chloride-containing: 1.4462 (2205) duplex bars

• Severe acids/chlorides: 1.4547 (254 SMO), 1.4539 (904L) superaustenitic bars

FOOD & PHARMACEUTICAL

• General food contact: 1.4301 (304), 1.4404 (316L) bright bars condition 2B

• Acidic foods (fruit juice, vinegar): 1.4404 (316L)

• Pharmaceutical equipment: 1.4404 (316L), 1.4435 (317L) bright bars 2P (mirror polish)

• Sanitary/hygienic: Bright bars 2P or 2G, Ra ≤ 0.8 μm

AUTOMOTIVE

• Exhaust systems (cold end): 1.4003 (409) ferritic hot rolled bars

• Exhaust (hot end, manifolds): 1.4541 (321) Ti-stabilized hot rolled bars

• Fasteners: 1.4021 (420) martensitic bright bars +QT

• Trim/decorative: 1.4016 (430) ferritic bright bars 2B

CUTLERY, HAND TOOLS

• Table cutlery: 1.4021 (420), 1.4031 (440A) martensitic +QT

• Kitchen knives: 1.4034 (440B), 1.4116 (440C) martensitic +QT (higher hardness)

• Hand tools: 1.4110, 1.4112, 1.4125 martensitic tool steels +QT

MEDICAL & SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS

• General instruments: 1.4021 (420) martensitic +QT, bright bars 2P

• Implants (non-magnetic): 1.4441 (316LVM) ultra-low C austenitic

• High precision: 1.4542 (17-4 PH) +P, bright bars 2G or 2P

SELECTION BY PROPERTY REQUIREMENT

MAXIMUM CORROSION RESISTANCE

→ Freshwater, mild: 1.4301 (304), 1.4404 (316L)

→ Seawater, chlorides: 1.4462 (2205), 1.4410 (2507) duplex

→ Severe acids/chlorides: 1.4547 (254 SMO), 1.4652 (high Mo)

→ PRE (Pitting Resistance): Higher is better – see DUPLEX CHEMISTRY sheet

MAXIMUM STRENGTH (at room temperature)

→ Standard strength: 1.4462 (2205) Rp0.2 450 MPa

→ High strength: 1.4410 (2507) Rp0.2 530 MPa, 1.4313 +QT900 Rp0.2 800 MPa

→ Very high strength: 1.4542 (17-4 PH) +P1070 Rp0.2 1000 MPa

→ Ultra-high strength: Wire in +C1800 condition Rm 1800-2100 MPa

NON-MAGNETIC REQUIREMENT

→ ONLY austenitic grades are non-magnetic (300 series)

→ Common non-magnetic: 1.4301 (304), 1.4404 (316L), 1.4541 (321)

→ ALL ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and PH grades are MAGNETIC

HEAT RESISTANCE (elevated temperature service)

→ Up to 550°C: Standard austenitic (304, 316)

→ 550-850°C: Ti or Nb stabilized (321, 347) – prevents sensitization

→ Above 850°C: Consult EN 10095 (heat resistant steels)

CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE (< -40°C)

→ ONLY austenitic grades suitable (no brittle transition)

→ Preferred: 1.4307 (304L), 1.4404 (316L) – low carbon

→ Ferritic, duplex, martensitic NOT suitable (embrittlement risk)

MACHINING / FREE-CUTTING

→ Austenitic free-cutting: 1.4305 (S-bearing), 1.4570 (S+Cu)

→ Ferritic free-cutting: 1.4105, 1.4523 (S-bearing)

→ Martensitic free-cutting: 1.4005, 1.4104 (S-bearing)

WELDING

→ Best weldability: L-grades (304L, 316L) – low carbon ≤ 0.030%

→ Good weldability: Stabilized grades (321, 347) – Ti/Nb prevents sensitization

→ Duplex welding: Requires N-bearing filler, heat input control

→ Martensitic welding: Preheat + postheat required, limited weldability

COLD FORMING / DEEP DRAWING

→ Excellent: 1.4307 (304L), 1.4404 (316L) – A: 45-60%

→ Good: 1.4301 (304), 1.4016 (430) ferritic

→ Moderate: Duplex grades – A: 20-25%

→ Limited: Martensitic, PH grades – A: 10-18%

COST OPTIMIZATION

→ Most economical: 1.4016 (430), 1.4003 (409) ferritic – low Ni content

→ Economical: 1.4301 (304) – standard 18-8 austenitic

→ Lean duplex: 1.4362 (2304) – lower Ni than standard duplex

→ Premium: Superaustenitic, superduplex, PH – specialist applications

EN 10088-2 Standard Guide

EN 10088-1 Standard Guide

MODULUS METAL
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