Wrought iron contains less than 0.5% carbon, making it a tough and malleable material, though less fusible than pig iron. With only a small amount of carbon—just a few tenths of a percent—it is considered a commercial-grade iron with limited modern applications, having largely been replaced by mild steel. Traditionally manufactured through the puddling process, wrought iron is not melted during production; instead, it is heated to a semi-solid, pasty state and then mechanically worked by squeezing or forging. Because this process does not effectively eliminate impurities, the material retains a significant amount of slag. Additionally, wrought iron cannot be hardened or strengthened through heat treatment.
Wrought Iron Composition detail
| C (carbon) | 0.05 | – | 0.25 | % |
| Fe (iron) | 99 | – | 99.8 | % |
| Mn (manganese) | 0.01 | – | 0.1 | % |
| P (phosphorus) | 0.05 | – | 0.2 | % |
| S (sulfur) | 0.02 | – | 0.1 | % |
| Si (silicon) | 0.02 | – | 0.2 | % |
Typical Uses:
Wrought iron has typically been used in architectural and structural elements such as iron door furniture, bars embedded in masonry arches and domes, building frames, as well as decorative gates and railings.
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